Gerund simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Forget with the gerund is often used with never for a memorable previous action. Jan 09, 2016 gerund as subject, object or complement. Free infinitive and gerund worksheets this is the infinitive and gerund section of busy teacher. Infinitive and gerund infinitive after an adjective example. It is important to recognise that the word to is a preposition in these cases because it must be followed by a gerund. This worksheet has two straightforward infinitive and gerund practice activities for your intermediate level students. She is looking forward to visiting his aunt in chicago. Traveling with a friend made the trip to new york more. Review charts and rules for gerunds and infinitives as needed. Gerunds as subject, as object, and with a preposition by. A toinfinitive clause can be the subject of a sentence.
The use of the gerund as subject is more common than that of the toinfinitive. A gerund is a verbal ending in ing that is used as a noun. Gi003 gerund or infinitive fill in the correct form intermediate. Like nouns, gerunds can be the subject, object or complement of a sentence. They may serve as the subject of a sentence, the object of a verb or a verb phrase, or the object of a preposition. Remember that any part of speech can be compound, meaning that there can be two or more. Gerunds and gerund phrases virtually never require punctuation. Common verbs followed by the gerund perfect english grammar. The gerund and the toinfinitive as subject article pdf available in journal of english linguistics 314. Gerunds can be replaced with thisthat or someonesomething. Make the verb agree with its subject, not with the word in between high levels of pollution cause damage to the respiratory tract the subject is levels, not pollution 2. Functions in a sentence because they act like nouns, gerunds can be used as the subject of a sentence, the subject complement of the linking verb be.
Present progressive practice for spanish 1 or spanish 2 sherie gentilli quinn this file is a four page, noneditable pdf which contains the following practice worksheets for the present progressive. A separate page deals with verbs that are followed by the gerund. Find a parking space is quite difficult in this area. Use our sample sentence diagram with a gerund and predicate.
Page 1 of 15 verbals gerunds and participles gerunds a gerund is a verbal that ends in ing and functions as a noun. A gerund or gerund phrase can also be the object of a. A gerund clause also called a nonfinite gerundial clause is more commonly used to repackage lengthy information into the subject of a clause. The gerund always has the same function as a noun although it looks like a verb. The gerunds in the examples, written in bold letters, are used as a subject of the sentence. Gerunds common verbs followed by gerunds a gerund is a noun formed by taking a verb and adding the suffix ing. In such expressions, use a gerund, not an infinitive, after. Gerunds as subjects a gerund can be the subject of a sentence. You will find 4 worksheets on this topic as well as a very useful article with some suggestions on how to explain the difference between the two to your students. Feelsee hear watch someone do doing i heard him tell you about the letter. Comparing the frequency of various types of complements subjects, close 1972 notices that possing and accing complements seem to be less frequent as subjects, at least in the spoken language. The gerund phrase the gerund phrase consists of the gerund, which always ends in ing, and its modifiers and complements. Complete the sentences with the gerund form of the verbs in parentheses. Here, sarah is the subject complement of the sentence because it follows the linking verb was.
Gerund phrases always function as nouns, so they will be subjects, subject complements, or objects in the sentence. Contrary to what others believe in, the english language goes beyond the basic subjectverb agreement. But it is more common to start with the introductory it and place the toinfinitive clause at the end of the. Speaking practice activity worksheet regular gerunds worksheet irregular gerunds worksheet. An analysis of the english gerund as subject, direct object. When a gerund phrase functions as a subject, the ing verb form is expanded as a word group, for example.
Occasionally, a word preceding a gerund describes the gerund and will be part of the phrase. Walking is the simple subject and the verb is links the subject to the subject complement good exercise, which refers to and describes the subject. Irregular verbs form their past participles in various ways for example, bend, bent. Grammar worksheet gerunds used as subjects complete the sentences below by using the ing gerund form of the verbs on the right. Difference between a gerund acting as subject and an. Well, now ive been in the army for five years and i definitely. It is the subject and the gerund singing serves as the complement. A gerund phrase consists of a gerund plus modifier s, object s, andor complement s.
Since a gerund often acts as a noun, it takes the place of a noun in a sentence as well, namely as subject, direct object, subject complement, subject of preposition. Eating ice cream on a windy day subject of the verb can be. In most cases, gerund or infinitive clauses as subjects mean the same, but sometimes there is a slight difference in meaning. In english it has the properties of both verb and noun, such as being modifiable by an adverb and being able to take a direct object.
In both exercises students have to fill in blanks with. The redcard holders write down verbs followed by gerunds. An infinitive may suggest a future, predicted or imagined activity while a gerund suggests an. A gerund is the ing form of a verb when it functions grammatically as a noun in a sentence. Because a gerund is a noun, it can be a subject complement. However, since a gerund functions as a noun, it occupies some positions in a sentence that a noun ordinarily would, for example. Gerund infinitive gi 5 fill in the gerund with the correct preposition. Sentence diagram with a gerund and predicate wikihow. Learning a foreign language is easier at a young age the use of the gerund as subject is more common than that of the toinfinitive.
A more disastrous activity for longhaired people is blowing giant bubble gum bubbles with the car. But, like verbs, a gerund can also have an object itself. Fighting between the greeks and trojans was the greatest war in ancient greece. Page 1 of 15 verbals gerunds and participles gerunds.
Gerunds gerunds are widely used in english grammar. Pdf the gerund and the toinfinitive as subject researchgate. The gerund can function as the subject of a sentence, either on its own or, as part of a phrase e. The result of this comparative and relational analysis is a simple rule by which language learners can understand and effectively use the two complements correctly. Learning a foreign language is easier at a young age. It is identical in form to the present participle ending in ing and can behave as a verb within a clause so that it may be modified by an adverb or have an object, but the clause as a whole sometimes consisting of only one word, the gerund itself acts as a noun within the larger sentence. Is the gerund in the following sentencesquestions used as a subject, object or as a complement. This is the infinitive and gerund section of busy teacher. However, if you dont trust your ear or you find simple sentence formations confusing. Gerunds and infinitives can function as the subject of a sentence or the object of a verb. After it, tell how it is being used in the sentence.
Subjectverb agreement most native english speakers know the standard verbsubject combinations by ear. The gerund phrase is the direct object of finished. Gerunds can either stand alone, or they can take a noun the object of the gerund andor modifiers to form a gerund phrase. Gerund phrases generally end at the next punctuation mark, the next verb, or the direct object. Gerund as subject, object or complement try to think of a gerund as a noun in verb form. The battle of trojans was the greatest war in ancient greece. Defining a rule for the use of infinitive and gerund. Common verbs followed by the gerund perfect english. Normally, when you make a sentence, you always make sure that the subject of your sentence is nouna name of. When a full ing complement is, nevertheless, used as a subject, possing appears to be the more natural construction.
The term verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. Examples of these combinations are he talks, not he talk and she has, not she have. A gerund phrase will begin with a gerund, an ing word, and will include other modifiers andor objects. The gerund looks exactly the same as a present participle, but it is useful to understand the difference between the two. An activity may also be expressed with a gerund or gerund clause, which can function as the subject or complement to the verb in the clause gerund. The negative of a gerund is formed by adding the word not before a gerund. Is the gerund subject or object in the sentence in an exercise. Gerund and infinitive phrases the university of texas at dallas. Gerund and infinitive worksheets are in pdf format and consist of a worksheet and answer sheet to check your results. Forget with the infinitive means something happens at or after a certain time. Gerund and infinitive pdf worksheets english vocabulary. Vowa verlag pmp4 108 infinitive with or without to insert to. The construction workers worried about losing their jobs. The term ing form is often used in english to refer to the gerund specifically.
A gerund accompanied by its objects, complements, andor modifiers is called a gerund phrase or simply a noun phrase. A gerund is a verb used as a noun in english, the gerund is formed by adding ing to a verb root. Like nouns, gerunds and gerund phrases can function as subjects, objects, or complements in a sentence. The gerund phrase is the subject of the verb takes. After learning the basic fundamentals of subject verb agreement, read and understand these special rules and after some practice, forming correct sentences will be easy. Complete the sentences below by using the ing gerund form of the verbs on the. Divide students into three groups, ideally of three or four students. Dec 26, 2017 the gerund looks exactly the same as a present participle, but it is useful to understand the difference between the two. Like a regular gerund, a gerund phrase always functions as a noun, and can act as a subject, direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition, or predicate nominative in a sentence.
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